1.hordhac
Soo noqnoqoshada raadiyaha (RF) tamar goosashada (RFEH) iyo wareejinta korantada wireless-ka ee shucaaca ah (WPT) ayaa soo jiitay xiiso weyn sida hababka lagu gaaro shabakadaha wireless-ka waara. Rectennas waa rukunka nidaamyada WPT iyo RFEH waxayna saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin awoodda DC ee la geeyo culeyska. Qaybaha anteenada ee malawadka waxay si toos ah u saameeyaan waxtarka goosashada, taas oo ku kala duwanaan karta awoodda la goostay dhowr amar oo waaweyn. Warqadani waxay dib u eegis ku eegaysaa naqshadaha anteenada ee ka shaqeeya WPT iyo codsiyada RFEH ee deegaanka. Malawadka la soo sheegay ayaa loo kala saaray iyadoo loo eegayo laba shuruudood oo waaweyn: anteenada hagaajinaysa xadhkaha xadhkaha goosashada iyo astaamaha shucaaca anteenada. Shuruudo kasta, jaantuska mudnaanta (FoM) ee codsiyada kala duwan waa la go'aamiyaa oo si isbarbar-dhig ah ayaa loo eegaa.
WPT waxaa soo jeediyay Tesla horraantii qarnigii 20aad si ay u noqoto hab lagu gudbiyo kumanaan faras ah. Erayga rectenna, oo qeexaya anteeno ku xidhan toosiye si ay u goosato awooda RF, waxa ay soo ifbaxday 1950-meeyadii codsiyada gudbinta awooda microwave-ka iyo in ay awood u yeelato diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn. Jiho dhan walba ah, WPT-da-dheer waxaa xaddiday sifooyinka jireed ee dhexdhexaadinta faafinta (hawada). Sidaa darteed, WPT-ganacsiyeedku waxay inta badan ku xaddidan tahay wareejinta korantada aan shucaaca ahayn ee goobta dhow ee loogu talagalay ku dallacaadda macaamiisha elektiroonigga ah ama RFID.
Maaddaama isticmaalka korantada aaladaha semiconductor-ka iyo qanjidhada dareemayaasha bilaa-waayirka ah ay sii yaraanayaan, waxay noqonaysaa mid aad u macquul ah in la xoojiyo qanjidhada dareemayaasha iyada oo la adeegsanayo RFEH-ga ama isticmaalka gudbiyaasha awood hoose oo hooseeya. Nidaamyada korantada wireless-ka ee aadka u hooseeya waxay badanaa ka kooban yihiin RF iibsashada dhamaadka hore, awoodda DC iyo maareynta xusuusta, iyo microprocessor awood yar iyo transceiver.
Jaantuska 1 waxa uu tusinayaa qaab dhismeedka qanjidhka bilaa-waayirka ah ee RFEH iyo hirgalinta dhamaadka hore ee RF ee inta badan la soo sheego. Waxtarka dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka ee nidaamka korantada wireless-ka iyo qaab-dhismeedka macluumaadka wireless-ka ee la-wada-jirka ah iyo shabakadda wareejinta awoodda waxay kuxirantahay waxqabadka qaybaha gaarka ah, sida anteenooyinka, hagaajinta, iyo wareegyada maamulka awooda. Dhowr sahan suugaaneed ayaa loo sameeyay qaybaha kala duwan ee nidaamka. Shaxda 1 waxay soo koobaysaa heerka beddelka awoodda, qaybaha muhiimka ah ee beddelka awoodda hufan, iyo sahan suugaaneed la xidhiidha qayb kasta. Suugaantii dhawaa waxay diiradda saartaa tignoolajiyada beddelka awoodda, dib-u-habaynta topologies, ama shabakada-ogaalka RFEH.
Jaantuska 1
Si kastaba ha noqotee, naqshadeynta anteenada looma tixgalinayo inay tahay qayb muhiim ah RFEH. In kasta oo suugaanta qaar ay tixgeliyaan bandwidth antenna iyo hufnaanta laga eego guud ahaan ama laga eego qaabaynta anteeno gaar ah, sida anteenooyinka la yareeyey ama la xidhi karo, saamaynta xuduudaha anteenada qaarkood ee soo dhawaynta awoodda iyo waxtarka beddelka si faahfaahsan looma falanqeyn.
Warqadani waxay dib u eegis ku samaynaysaa farsamooyinka naqshadaynta anteenada ee malawadka iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la kala saaro RFEH iyo WPT caqabadaha naqshadaynta anteenada gaarka ah ee naqshadaynta anteenada isgaarsiinta caadiga ah. Anteennada waxaa lagu barbar dhigaa laba aragtiyood: isbarbardhigga is-barbardhigga dhammaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka iyo sifooyinka shucaaca; Xaalad kasta, FoM waa la aqoonsaday oo dib loogu eegay anteenooyinka casriga ah (SoA).
2. Bandwidth iyo Isbarbardhigga: Shabakadaha RF ee aan 50Ω ahayn
Caqabadda sifada ee 50Ω waa tixgalin hore oo ah tanaasulka u dhexeeya hoos u dhigista iyo awoodda codsiyada injineernimada microwave. Anteenooyinka, bandwidth impedance waxaa lagu qeexaa sida inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda halkaasoo awoodda muuqata ay ka yar tahay 10% (S11 <- 10 dB). Maaddaama cod-weyneyaasha dhawaqooda hoose (LNAs), cod-weyneyayaasha korantada, iyo qalabka wax-sheegayaasha lagu nashqadeeyey 50Ω ciyaar is-hortaag, il 50Ω ah ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo tixraacaa.
Malawadka, wax-soo-saarka anteenada waxaa si toos ah loogu shubaa toosiyaha, iyo kala-duwanaanshaha diode-ku wuxuu keenaa kala duwanaansho weyn oo ku-talagal ah, iyada oo qaybta capacitive ay maamusho. Anaga oo u malaynaya anteeno 50Ω ah, caqabada ugu weyni waa in la qaabeeyo shabakad dheeri ah oo ku habboon oo RF ah si loogu beddelo xannibaadda soo gelinta soo-celinta dib-u-habaynta inta jeer ee xiisaha oo loo wanaajiyo heer awood gaar ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka bandwidth impedance ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo hubiyo beddelka RF hufan ee DC. Sidaa darteed, in kasta oo anteenooyinku ay ku gaadhi karaan aragti ahaan aan xad lahayn ama baaxad ballaadhan oo ballaadhan iyadoo la isticmaalayo curiye xilliyeed ama joomatari is-kaabaya, xadhkaha xadhkaha malawadka waxa cidhiidhi gelin doona isku-xidhka toosiyaha.
Dhowr lakab oo malawad ah ayaa la soo jeediyay si loo gaaro goosashada hal-band iyo multi-band ama WPT iyadoo la yareynayo milicsiga iyo kordhinta awoodda wareejinta u dhexeysa anteenada iyo toosiyaha. Jaantuska 2 waxa uu tusinayaa qaab-dhismeedka malawadka la soo sheegay, oo lagu kala saaray qaab-dhismeedka isbarbardhigga ee u dhigma. Jadwalka 2 wuxuu muujinayaa tusaalooyin ku saabsan laydhka waxqabadka sare leh ee ku saabsan xadka dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka (kiiskan, FoM) qayb kasta.
Jaantuska 2 Topologies Rectenna marka loo eego aragtida xajmiyeedka iyo iswaafajinta impedance. (a) Hal-band madoow oo leh anteeno caadi ah. (b) Malawadka Multiband (oo ka kooban anteenooyin badan oo labada dhinacba isku xidhan) oo leh hal toosiye iyo shabakad isku mid ah koox kasta. (c) Broadband rectenna oo leh dekedo badan oo RF ah iyo shabakado isbarbar dhiga koox kasta. (d) Broadband rectenna oo leh anteeno baladhan iyo shabakad isbarbardhigi karta. (e) Malawadka hal-band ah oo isticmaalaya anteeno yar oo koronto ah oo si toos ah ugu habboon hagaajinta. (f) Hal-band, anteeno koronto ahaan weyn oo leh cilad adag si ay ula xiriirto toosiyaha. (g) Malawadka Broadband oo leh cidhiidhi kakan si uu ula xidhiidho toosiyaha iyada oo loo eegayo tirooyin tiro badan.
Iyadoo WPT iyo RFEH-da ambient ee quudinta go'an ay yihiin codsiyo kala duwan oo malawad ah, gaaritaanka isbarbardhigga dhammaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka u dhexeeya anteenada, hagaajinta iyo culeyska ayaa aasaas u ah in la gaaro waxtarka beddelka awoodda sare (PCE) marka loo eego aragtida bandwidth. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, WPT rectennas ayaa in badan diirada saaraya sidii loo gaari lahaa isbarbardhiga tayada sare leh (S11 hoose) si loo hagaajiyo PCE-ga hal-band ah ee heerarka awoodda qaarkood (topologies a, e iyo f). Baaxadda ballaadhan ee hal-band WPT waxay wanaajisaa difaaca nidaamka si loo furfuro, cilladaha wax soo saarka iyo baakadaha dulinnada. Dhanka kale, RFEH rectennas ayaa mudnaan siiya hawlgalka kooxo badan waxayna ka tirsan yihiin topologies bd iyo g, maadaama cufnaanta korantada (PSD) ee hal koox ay guud ahaan hooseeyso.
3. Naqshad anteeno leydi ah
1. Malawadka hal-mareegta ah
Naqshadeynta anteenada ee malawadka hal-soo noqnoqoshada ah (topology A) waxay inta badan ku saleysan tahay naqshadeynta anteenada caadiga ah, sida polarization linear (LP) ama polarization wareeg (CP) oo iftiiminaya balastar dhulka, anteeno dipole iyo anteeno F ah oo rogan. Madawga kala duwani wuxuu ku salaysan yahay diyaarsanaanta isku dhafka DC oo lagu habeeyay unug anteeno badan ama isku-dhafan DC iyo RF oo ah unug balastar oo badan.
Maaddaama qaar badan oo ka mid ah anteenooyinka la soo jeediyay ay yihiin anteenooyin hal-joog ah oo ay la kulmaan shuruudaha WPT-soo noqnoqda, marka la raadinayo RFEH-soo noqnoqoshada deegaanka, anteenooyin badan oo hal-soo noqnoqda ah ayaa lagu daraa laydhka-band-band (topology B) oo leh is-xakameyn wadajir ah iyo isku darka DC madax-bannaan ka dib wareegga maaraynta korantada si gebi ahaanba looga go'doomiyo iibsiga RF iyo wareegga beddelka. Tani waxay u baahan tahay wareegyo badan oo maarayn koronto ah koox kasta, taas oo laga yaabo inay yareyso waxtarka beddelka kororka sababtoo ah awoodda DC ee hal koox ayaa hooseysa.
2. Anteenooyinkooda RFEH-band-band iyo broadband
Deegaanka RFEH inta badan waxay la xiriirtaa iibsashada kooxo badan; Sidaa darteed, farsamooyin kala duwan ayaa la soo jeediyay si loo hagaajiyo bandwidth ee naqshadaha antenna caadiga ah iyo hababka samaynta dual-band ama band antennas. Qaybtan, waxaanu dib u eegis ku samaynaa anteenooyinka gaarka ah ee RFEH-yada, iyo sidoo kale anteenooyinkooda band-yada badan ee caadiga ah oo awood u leh in loo isticmaalo sidii malawadka.
Coplanar waveguide (CPW) monopole anteenooyinka ayaa ka yar meel ka yar anteenooyinka balastarrada microstrip isku mid ah waxayna soo saaraan hirarka LP ama CP, waxaana badanaa loo isticmaalaa malawadka deegaanka ee ballaaran. Diyaaradaha milicsiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo kordhiyo go'doomin iyo hagaajinta faa'iidada, taasoo keentay qaababka shucaaca la mid ah anteenooyinka balastar ah. Anteenooyinka waveguide-ka ee la jabiyay ayaa loo adeegsadaa si loo hagaajiyo xadhkaha xadhkaha goosashada ee xadhkaha soo noqnoqda ee badan, sida 1.8–2.7 GHz ama 1–3 GHz. Anteenooyinka boosaska la isku daray iyo anteenooyinka balastarka ah ayaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa naqshadaha malawadka ee band-yada badan. Jaantuska 3 waxa uu muujinayaa anteenooyin badan oo la soo sheegay kuwaas oo isticmaala in ka badan hal farsamo oo hagaajin ah.
Jaantuska 3
Isbarbardhigga Anteenada-Rectifier
Ku-habaynta anteeno 50Ω ah iyo toosiye aan toos ahayn waa arrin adag sababtoo ah wax-ka-qabashada wax-soo-gelinta ayaa si aad ah ugu kala duwan inta jeer. Marka la eego topologies A iyo B (Jaantuska 2), shabkada isku mid ah ee caadiga ah waa ciyaar LC ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo walxo bursan; si kastaba ha ahaatee, xadhkaha xadhkaha goosha ayaa inta badan ka hooseeya inta badan xadhkaha isgaadhsiinta. Isku-dheellitirka xargaha hal-band waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa mikrowave iyo milimitir-mawjadaha ka hooseeya 6 GHz, iyo milimitir-mawjadaha la soo sheegay waxay leeyihiin baaxad weyn oo cidhiidhi ah sababtoo ah xajmiga PCE-ga waxaa cidhiidhi ku ah soo saarista is-waafajinta, taas oo ka dhigaysa iyaga si gaar ah ugu habboon hal-hal- Codsiyada band WPT ee 24 GHz band bilaa shati ah.
Malawadka ku yaal topologies C iyo D waxay leeyihiin shabakado isku mid ah oo aad u adag. Shabakado isku beega oo si buuxda loo qaybiyay ayaa loo soo jeediyay isbarbardhigga balaastiinka, oo leh RF block/DC gaaban gaaban (shaandhaynta baasaboorka) ee dekedda wax soo saarka ama capacitor xannibaadda DC oo ah dariiqa soo noqoshada ee harmonics diode. Qaybaha hagaajinta waxaa lagu bedeli karaa kombuyuutarrada isku-dhafan ee daabacan (PCB), kuwaas oo lagu farsameeyay iyada oo la adeegsanayo qalabyada naqshadaynta elektiroonigga ah ee ganacsiga. Shabakadaha iswaafajinta malawadka ee kale ee la soo sheegay waxay isku daraan walxo buro si ay ugu dhigmaan jaangooyooyinka hoose iyo curiyayaasha loo qaybiyey abuurista RF gaaban marka la soo gelinayo.
Beddelka ka-hortagga soo-gelinta ee lagu arkay culeyska iyada oo loo marayo isha (oo loo yaqaan farsamada isha-jiidka) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu naqshadeeyo dib-u-habeyn ballaaran oo leh 57% bandwidth qaraabo ah (1.25-2.25 GHz) iyo 10% PCE ka sarreeya marka la barbar dhigo wareegyada la tumay ama la qaybiyey. . In kasta oo shabakadaha isbarbardhigga ah sida caadiga ah loogu talagalay in ay ku habboonaadaan anteenooyinka guud ahaan 50Ω bandwidth, waxaa jira warbixinno ku jira suugaanta halkaas oo anteenooyinka ballaadhan ay ku xidhmeen toosiyeyaasha dhuuban.
Isku-dhafka unugyada isku-dhafka ah iyo shabakadaha isku-habboon ee qayb-qaybsan ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay topologies C iyo D, oo leh inductors iyo capacitors taxane ah oo ah walxaha ugu badan ee la isticmaalo. Kuwani waxay ka fogaadaan qaabab adag sida capacitors dhexdhexaad ah, kuwaas oo u baahan qaabayn sax ah oo sax ah marka loo eego khadadka microstrip caadiga ah.
Awoodda wax gelinta ee toosiyaha waxay saamaysaa cilad-gelinta wax-gelinta sababtoo ah sinnaan la'aanta diode-ka. Sidaa darteed, malawadka waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu kordhiyo PCE-ga heer koronto oo gaar ah iyo culeyska culeyska. Maadaama diodes-yadu ay ugu horrayn yihiin kuwa awood sare leh oo soo noqnoqonaya oo ka hooseeya 3 GHz, rectennas-ballaadhan oo baabi'iya shabakadaha isku midka ah ama yareeya wareegyada isku midka ah ee la fududeeyay ayaa diiradda lagu saaray soo noqnoqoshada Prf> 0 dBm iyo wixii ka sarreeya 1 GHz, maaddaama diodesyadu ay leeyihiin awood yar oo awood leh si fiicanna waa la isu waafajin karaa. anteenada, sidaas darteed ka fogaanshaha naqshadeynta anteenooyinka oo leh falcelin celin> 1,000Ω.
Iswaafajinta la qabsiga ama dib-u-habayn lagu samayn karo ayaa lagu arkay CMOS rectennas, halkaas oo shabkada isku xidhka ahi ay ka kooban tahay bangiyada capacitor-ka-chip-ka iyo inductors. Shabakadaha iswaafajinta CMOS ee taagan ayaa sidoo kale loo soo jeediyay anteenooyinka caadiga ah ee 50Ω iyo sidoo kale anteenooyinka loop-ka la nashqeeyay. Waxaa la soo wariyay in aaladaha korantada ee CMOS ee dadban loo isticmaalo in lagu xakameeyo furayaasha u hagaya wax soo saarka anteenada sixiyaalo kala duwan iyo shabakado iswaafajiya iyadoo ku xiran awooda la heli karo. Shabakad dib-u-habayn lagu samayn karo oo la isticmaalayo awood-qaadayaal tunable ah ayaa la soo jeediyay, kaas oo si fiican loo habeeyey iyada oo la cabbirayo cidhiidhiga gelinta iyada oo la adeegsanayo falanqeeyaha shabakadda vector. Shabakadaha isku-habboon ee dib-u-habayn kara ee microstrip-ka, furayaasha transistor-ka saamaynta goobta ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu hagaajiyo tubbada is-waafajinta si loo gaaro sifooyinka labada-band.
Si aad wax badan uga ogaato anteenooyinka, fadlan booqo:
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-09-2024
