Naqshadeynta Anteenada-Sixiraha
Astaamaha rektorrada ee raacaya topology-ga EG ee Jaantuska 2aad ayaa ah in anteenadu si toos ah ugu habboon tahay rektorrada, halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd heerka 50Ω, kaas oo u baahan in la yareeyo ama laga saaro wareegga isku-xidhka si loo shido rektorrada. Qaybtani waxay dib u eegaysaa faa'iidooyinka rektorrada SoA ee leh anteenooyinka aan ahayn 50Ω iyo rektorrada iyada oo aan lahayn shabakado isku-xidhan.
1. Anteenooyin yar yar oo koronto ku shaqeeya
Anteenooyinka giraanta resonant-ka ee LC ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay codsiyada halkaas oo cabbirka nidaamku uu muhiim yahay. Mawjadaha ka hooseeya 1 GHz, hirarka hirarka ayaa sababi kara in anteenooyinka walxaha caadiga ah ee la qaybiyey ay buuxiyaan meel ka badan cabbirka guud ee nidaamka, codsiyada sida qalabka gudbinta ee si buuxda isugu dhafan ee loogu talagalay qalabka lagu tallaalo jirka ayaa si gaar ah uga faa'iidaysta isticmaalka anteenooyinka yaryar ee korontada ku shaqeeya ee WPT.
Impedance-ka sare ee anteenada yar (ku dhow resonance) waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in si toos ah loogu xidho hagaajiyaha ama shabakad isku-xidhka awoodda ee chip-ka ah. Anteenooyinka yaryar ee korontada ku shaqeeya ayaa lagu soo warramey WPT oo leh LP iyo CP oo ka hooseeya 1 GHz iyadoo la isticmaalayo anteenooyinka dipole ee Huygens, oo leh ka=0.645, halka ka=5.91 ku jira dipoles-ka caadiga ah (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Anteenada isku xidhka hagaajiyaha
Impedance-ka caadiga ah ee gelinta diode-ka waa mid aad u awood badan, sidaa darteed anteeno soo-jiidasho leh ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro impedance conjugate. Sababtoo ah impedance-ka awoodda leh ee jajabka, anteenooyinka soo-jiidasho-jiidasho ee impedance-ka sare ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay calaamadaha RFID. Anteenooyinka Dipole ayaa dhawaan noqday isbeddel ku yimaada anteenooyinka RFID ee is-hortaaga adag, iyagoo muujinaya impedance sare (iska caabin iyo falcelin) oo u dhow soo noqnoqoshadooda resonant.
Anteenooyinka dipole-ka ee inductive-ka ah ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu waafajiyo awoodda sare ee hagaajiyaha ee ku jirta xadka soo noqnoqoshada ee xiisaha leh. Anteenada dipole-ka ee la laabay, xariiqda gaaban ee labanlaabka ah (laabashada dipole) waxay u shaqaysaa sidii beddele is-hortaag ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa naqshadeynta anteeno is-hortaag ah oo aad u sarreeya. Taas beddelkeeda, quudinta eexda ayaa mas'uul ka ah kordhinta falcelinta is-dhexgalka iyo sidoo kale is-hortaagga dhabta ah. Isku-darka walxaha dipole-ka ee kala duwan oo leh xargo radial ah oo aan dheellitirnayn waxay samaysaa anteeno is-hortaag sare oo labanlaaban. Jaantuska 4 wuxuu muujinayaa anteenooyin isku xiran oo is-beddel ah oo la soo sheegay.
Jaantuska 4aad
Astaamaha shucaaca ee RFEH iyo WPT
Qaabka Friis, awoodda PRX ee ay hesho anteeno masaafad d u jirta gudbiyaha waa shaqo toos ah oo ay qabtaan qaataha iyo faa'iidooyinka gudbiyaha (GRX, GTX).
Jihaynta ugu weyn ee anteenada iyo kala-goynta ayaa si toos ah u saameeya xaddiga awoodda laga soo ururiyo hirarka dhacdada. Astaamaha shucaaca anteenada waa xuduudaha muhiimka ah ee kala soocaya RFEH-ga ku xeeran iyo WPT (Jaantuska 5). Iyadoo labada adeegsiba laga yaabo in aan la garanayn saamaynta ay ku leedahay hirarka la helay, haddana aqoonta anteenada gudbinta ayaa laga faa'iideysan karaa. Shaxda 3 waxay qeexaysaa xuduudaha muhiimka ah ee laga wada hadlay qaybtan iyo ku habboonaantooda RFEH iyo WPT.
Jaantuska 5aad
1. Tilmaamaha iyo Faa'iidada
Inta badan codsiyada RFEH iyo WPT, waxaa la qiyaasayaa in ururiyaha uusan aqoon jihada shucaaca dhacdada mana jiro waddo aragti-toosan (LoS). Shaqadan, naqshado iyo meelayn anteeno badan ayaa la baaray si kor loogu qaado awoodda laga helay ilo aan la garanayn, iyada oo aan ka madax bannaanayn isku-xidhka ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya gudbiyaha iyo qaataha.
Anteenooyinka dhinac-dhinac ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay rektorrada RFEH ee deegaanka. Suugaanta, PSD way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran jihada anteenada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaanshaha awoodda lama sharxin, sidaa darteed suurtagal ma aha in la go'aamiyo in kala duwanaanshuhu uu sabab u yahay qaabka shucaaca ee anteenada ama uu sabab u yahay iswaafaq la'aanta kala-goysyada.
Marka laga soo tago codsiyada RFEH, anteenooyinka jihada sare leh iyo isku-darka ayaa si weyn loogu soo warramey microwave WPT si loo hagaajiyo hufnaanta ururinta ee cufnaanta awoodda RF ee hooseeya ama looga gudbo khasaaraha faafinta. Isku-darka rectenna Yagi-Uda, isku-darka bowtie, isku-darka wareega, isku-darka Vivaldi ee si adag isugu xiran, isku-darka CPW CP, iyo isku-darka balastarrada ayaa ka mid ah hirgelinta rectenna ee la cabbiri karo kuwaas oo kordhin kara cufnaanta awoodda dhacdada meel gaar ah. Hababka kale ee lagu hagaajinayo faa'iidada anteenada waxaa ka mid ah tignoolajiyada isku-dhafan ee hagaha waveguide (SIW) ee ku jira microwave-ka iyo hirarka millimeter-ka, gaar ahaan WPT. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, rectenna-yada faa'iidada sare leh waxaa lagu gartaa balaastigyo cidhiidhi ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa soo dhawaynta mowjadaha jihooyinka aan kala sooca lahayn mid aan waxtar lahayn. Baaritaannada lagu sameeyay tirada walxaha anteenada iyo dekedaha ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in toosinta sare aysan u dhigmin awoodda sare ee la goostay ee ku jirta RFEH-ga deegaanka iyadoo la tixgelinayo dhacdooyinka aan kala sooca lahayn ee saddex-geesoodka ah; tan waxaa lagu xaqiijiyay cabbiraadaha goobta ee deegaannada magaalooyinka. Isku-darka faa'iidada sare leh waxaa lagu xaddidi karaa codsiyada WPT.
Si faa'iidooyinka anteenooyinka faa'iidada sare leh loogu wareejiyo RFEH-yada aan kala sooca lahayn, xalalka baakadaha ama qaabaynta ayaa loo isticmaalaa si looga gudbo arrinta tooska ah. Xarig gacan-ku-xidhan oo anteeno laba-laab ah ayaa la soo jeediyay si looga soo saaro tamarta Wi-Fi RFEH-yada ku wareegsan laba jiho. Anteenooyinka RFEH ee unugyada ku wareegsan waxaa sidoo kale loogu talagalay sanduuqyo 3D ah waxaana lagu daabacaa ama lagu dhejiyaa dusha sare ee dibadda si loo yareeyo aagga nidaamka loona suurtogeliyo goosashada jihooyin badan. Qaab-dhismeedka rectenna ee cubic waxay muujinayaan fursad sare oo ah helitaanka tamarta ee RFEH-yada ku wareegsan.
Horumarinta naqshadeynta anteenada si loo kordhiyo ballaca beamball-ka, oo ay ku jiraan walxaha balastarada noolaha ee caawiya, ayaa la sameeyay si loo hagaajiyo WPT 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Anteeno mesh ah oo 6 GHz ah oo leh gobollo badan oo beam ah ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay, taasoo muujinaysa beamyo badan oo deked kasta ah. Rektorrada dusha sare ee deked badan, kuwa badan oo hagaajin kara iyo anteenooyinka soo goosashada tamarta oo leh qaabab shucaac oo dhan ah ayaa la soo jeediyay RFEH oo jihooyin badan leh iyo kuwa badan oo polarized ah. Rectifiers badan oo leh matrices beamforming iyo arrays anteeno badan oo deked badan leh ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay si loo helo goosashada tamarta oo faa'iido badan leh, oo jihooyin badan leh.
Marka la soo koobo, halka anteenooyinka faa'iidada sare leh la doorbido si loo hagaajiyo awoodda laga soo qaado cufnaanta RF ee hooseeya, kuwa qaata jihada sare leh waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan ku habboonayn codsiyada halka jihada gudbiyaha aan la garanayn (tusaale ahaan, RFEH-ga deegaanka ama WPT iyada oo loo marayo kanaallada faafinta aan la garanayn). Shaqadan, habab badan oo badan oo badan ayaa loo soo jeediyay WPT iyo RFEH-ga faa'iidada sare leh ee jihada badan leh.
2. Kala-fogaanshaha Anteenada
Kala-goynta anteenada waxay qeexaysaa dhaqdhaqaaqa vector-ka goobta korantada marka loo eego jihada faafinta anteenada. Kala-goynta kala-goynta waxay horseedi kartaa hoos u dhac ku yimaada gudbinta/soo-dhoweynta u dhaxaysa anteenooyinka xitaa marka jihooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee laf-dhabarta la isku waafajiyo. Tusaale ahaan, haddii anteeno LP toosan loo isticmaalo gudbinta oo anteeno LP toosan loo isticmaalo soo-dhowaynta, wax awood ah lama heli doono. Qaybtan, hababka la soo sheegay ee lagu kordhinayo hufnaanta soo-dhowaynta bilaa-waayirka ah iyo ka fogaanshaha khasaaraha is-waafajinta kala-goynta ayaa dib loo eegay. Soo koobid ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka rectenna ee la soo jeediyay marka la eego kala-goynta ayaa lagu bixiyay Jaantuska 6 iyo tusaale SoA ah ayaa lagu bixiyay Shaxda 4.
Jaantuska 6aad
Isgaarsiinta gacanta, iswaafajinta iswaafajinta toosan ee u dhaxaysa saldhigyada saldhigga iyo taleefannada gacanta uma badna in la gaaro, sidaa darteed anteenooyinka saldhigga saldhigga waxaa loogu talagalay inay noqdaan kuwo laba-polarized ah ama kuwo badan-polarized ah si looga fogaado khasaaraha iswaafajinta polarization. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaanshaha polarization ee hirarka LP oo ay ugu wacan tahay saameynta badan ayaa weli ah dhibaato aan la xallin. Iyada oo lagu saleynayo mala-awaalka saldhigyada saldhigga mobilada ee badan-polarized ah, anteenooyinka gacanta ee RFEH waxaa loogu talagalay inay noqdaan anteenooyin LP ah.
Rektorrada CP waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa WPT sababtoo ah waxay u adkeysanayaan isku dheelitir la'aanta. Anteenooyinka CP waxay awoodaan inay helaan shucaaca CP iyagoo wata jihada wareegga isku midka ah (CP gacanta bidix ama gacanta midig) marka lagu daro dhammaan hirarka LP iyada oo aan lahayn lumis koronto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, anteenada CP waxay gudbisaa anteenada LP-na waxay heshaa lumis 3 dB ah (50% lumis koronto). Rektorrada CP waxaa lagu soo waramayaa inay ku habboon yihiin 900 MHz iyo 2.4 GHz iyo 5.8 GHz xargaha warshadaha, sayniska, iyo caafimaadka iyo sidoo kale hirarka millimeter-ka. RFEH ee hirarka si aan kala sooc lahayn u kala qaybsan, kala duwanaanshaha polarization-ku wuxuu u taagan yahay xal suurtagal ah oo lagu heli karo khasaarooyinka is-waafajinta polarization-ka.
Kala-goyn buuxda, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan kala-goyn badan, ayaa la soo jeediyay si gebi ahaanba looga gudbo khasaaraha is-waafaqla'aanta kala-goynta, taasoo suurtogalinaysa ururinta labada hirar ee CP iyo LP, halkaas oo laba curiye oo LP ah oo laba-geesood ah oo si wax ku ool ah u hela dhammaan hirarka LP iyo CP. Si tan loo muujiyo, danabyada saafiga ah ee toosan iyo kuwa toosan (VV iyo VH) waxay sii ahaadaan kuwo joogto ah iyadoon loo eegin xagasha kala-goynta:
Goobta korantada ee hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ee "E", halkaas oo korontada lagu ururiyo laba jeer (hal mar cutubkiiba), sidaas darteedna si buuxda loo helo qaybta CP oo laga gudbo luminta is-waafajinta polarization-ka 3 dB:
Ugu dambeyntii, iyada oo loo marayo isku-darka DC, mowjadaha dhacdooyinka ee kala-goynta aan kala sooca lahayn ayaa la heli karaa. Jaantuska 7 wuxuu muujinayaa joomatari ee rectenna-ka si buuxda u kala-go'an ee la soo sheegay.
Jaantuska 7
Marka la soo koobo, codsiyada WPT ee leh sahay koronto oo gaar ah, CP ayaa la doorbidaa sababtoo ah waxay wanaajisaa hufnaanta WPT iyada oo aan loo eegin xagasha kala-goynta ee anteenada. Dhanka kale, helitaanka ilo badan, gaar ahaan ilaha deegaanka, anteenooyinka si buuxda u kala-goynta leh waxay gaari karaan soo dhaweyn guud oo wanaagsan iyo qaadis ugu badan; qaab-dhismeedka dekedo badan/badan-hagaajiyeyaal ayaa looga baahan yahay si loogu daro awoodda si buuxda u kala-goynta ee RF ama DC.
Soo Koobid
Warqaddani waxay dib u eegaysaa horumarka dhawaan laga sameeyay naqshadeynta anteenada ee RFEH iyo WPT, waxayna soo jeedinaysaa kala-soocid caadi ah oo naqshadaynta anteenada ah oo loogu talagalay RFEH iyo WPT oo aan lagu soo jeedin suugaantii hore. Saddex shuruudood oo anteeno aasaasi ah si loo gaaro hufnaan sare oo RF-ilaa-DC ah ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin:
1. Xawaaraha is-beddelka anteenada ee loogu talagalay xargaha RFEH iyo WPT ee xiisaha leh;
2. Iswaafajinta lafaha ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya gudbiyaha iyo qaataha ee WPT laga bilaabo quudin gaar ah;
3. Iswaafajinta Kala-goysyada u dhexeeya rectenna iyo hirarka dhacdada iyadoon loo eegin xagasha iyo booska.
Iyada oo ku saleysan impedance, rectennas waxaa loo kala saaraa 50Ω iyo rectifier conjugate rectennas, iyadoo diiradda la saarayo isku-dhafka impedance ee u dhexeeya xarigyada iyo culaysyada kala duwan iyo hufnaanta hab kasta oo isku-dhafan.
Astaamaha shucaaca ee rectennas-ka SoA ayaa dib loo eegay iyadoo laga eegayo jihada iyo kala-goynta. Hababka lagu hagaajinayo faa'iidada iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaabaynta beamforming iyo baakaynta si looga gudbo ballacyada beam-ka ee cidhiidhiga ah ayaa laga wada hadlay. Ugu dambeyntii, rectennas-ka CP ee WPT ayaa dib loo eegay, iyadoo lala kaashanayo hirgelinno kala duwan si loo gaaro soo-dhoweyn madax-bannaan oo loogu talagalay WPT iyo RFEH.
Si aad wax badan uga barato anteenooyinka, fadlan booqo:
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-16-2024
