Antenna-Rectifier Co-design
Sifada malawadka ee raacaya EG topology ee Jaantuska 2 waa in anteenadu ay si toos ah ula mid tahay toosiyaha, halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd heerka 50Ω, kaas oo u baahan in la yareeyo ama la tirtiro wareegga u dhigma si loo xoojiyo toosiyaha. Qaybtani waxay dib u eegis ku samaynaysaa faa'iidooyinka malawadka SoA ee anteenooyinka aan 50Ω ahayn iyo malawadka iyada oo aan isku xidhnayn shabakado.
1. Anteenooyin yaryar oo Koronto ah
Anteenooyinka giraanta resonant LC ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay codsiyada halka cabbirka nidaamka uu muhiim yahay. Inta jeer ee ka hooseeya 1 GHz, hirarka dhererku wuxuu keeni karaa anteenooyinkooda caadiga ah ee la qaybiyey inay qabsadaan meel ka badan cabbirka guud ee nidaamka, iyo codsiyada sida transceivers si buuxda isugu dhafan ee loogu talagalay rakibaadda jirka gaar ahaan waxay ka faa'iideysanayaan isticmaalka anteenooyinka yaryar ee korantada ee WPT.
Xakamaynta sare ee inductive anteenada yar (resonance u dhow) ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in si toos ah loogu xidho rectifier ama iyada oo la isticmaalayo shabakad isku-habboon oo ku-chip ah oo dheeraad ah. Anteenooyin koronto ahaan yaryar ayaa laga soo sheegay WPT oo leh LP iyo CP oo ka hooseeya 1 GHz iyadoo la adeegsanayo anteenooyinka Huygens dipole, oo leh ka=0.645, halka ka=5.91 ay ku jiraan dipoles caadiga ah (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Anteeno isku xidha toosiye
Cilad-gelinta caadiga ah ee diode-ku waa mid awood sare leh, markaa anteenada wax-soo-saarka ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro impedance conjugate. Sababo la xiriira xannibaadda awoodda ee chip-ka, anteenooyinkooda inductive impedance sare ayaa si ballaaran loogu adeegsaday sumadaha RFID. Anteenooyinka Dipole ayaa dhowaan noqday isbeddel ku yimaadda anteenooyinka RFID impedance adag, oo muujinaya cidhiidhi sare (iska caabin iyo falcelin) oo u dhow soo noqnoqoshadooda.
Anteenooyinka dipole inductive ayaa loo isticmaalay si ay u dhigmaan awoodda sare ee rectifier ee band inta jeer ee xiisaha. Anteenada dipole laalaabtay, xariiqda gaaban ee labanlaaban (dipole folding) waxay u shaqeysaa sidii wax beddelka impedance, taasoo u oggolaanaysa naqshadeynta anteeno aad u sarreeya. Taas beddelkeeda, quudinta eexda ayaa mas'uul ka ah kordhinta falcelinta kicinta iyo sidoo kale caqabadda dhabta ah. Isku darka curiyayaasha dipole badan ee eexda leh oo aan dheeli tirnayn radial qaanso-tie waxay samaysaa anteeno sare oo ballaadhan. Jaantuska 4 waxa uu muujinayaa anteenooyinkooda isku xidhka toosiye ee la sheegay.
Jaantuska 4
Astaamaha shucaaca ee RFEH iyo WPT
Qaabka Friis, awoodda PRX ee ay anteenadu ka heshay fogaan d u jirta gudbiyaha waa shaqo toos ah oo ah helitaanka iyo faa'iidooyinka gudbiyaha (GRX, GTX).
Jidka ugu weyn ee anteenada iyo polaration-ka ayaa si toos ah u saameeya cadadka awooda laga soo ururiyay hirarka dhacdada. Astaamaha shucaaca anteenada ayaa ah halbeegyada muhiimka ah ee kala sooca RFEH-ga deegaanka iyo WPT (Jaantuska 5). Iyadoo labada codsiba laga yaabo in dhexdhexaadinta faafinta aan la garanayn oo saamaynta ay ku leedahay hirarka la helay ayaa loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo, aqoonta anteenada gudbinta waa laga faa'iidaysan karaa. Shaxda 3 ayaa tilmaamaysa halbeegyada muhiimka ah ee lagaga hadlay qaybtan iyo ku-dhaqankooda RFEH iyo WPT.
sawirka 5
1. Jihaynta iyo Kasbashada
Inta badan codsiyada RFEH iyo WPT, waxaa loo malaynayaa in ururiyuhu aanu garanayn jihada shucaaca dhacdada mana jirto waddo toosan (LoS). Shaqadan, naqshado badan oo anteeno ah iyo meelayn ayaa la baadhay si loo kordhiyo awooda laga helay ilo aan la garanayn, oo ka madax banaan isku xidhka laf dhabarta ee u dhexeeya gudbiyaha iyo qaataha.
Anteenooyinka dhinac kasta ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay malawadka RFEH ee deegaanka. Suugaanta, PSD way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xidhan jihaynta anteenada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaanshaha awoodda lama sharaxin, markaa suurtagal maaha in la go'aamiyo in kala duwanaanshiyaha ay sabab u tahay qaabka shucaaca anteenada ama ay sabab u tahay is-waafajinta polarization.
Marka laga soo tago codsiyada RFEH, anteenooyinka jihooyinka faa'iido badan leh iyo habab ayaa si weyn loogu soo warramey microwave WPT si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka ururinta cufnaanta awoodda RF hoose ama looga gudbo khasaaraha faafinta. Qaababka malawada Yagi-Uda, arraysyada bowtie, arraysyada wareegyada, arraysyada Vivaldi oo si adag u lammaansan, CPW CP arrays, iyo arraysyada balastarrada ayaa ka mid ah hirgelinta malawadka la miisaami karo ee kordhin kara cufnaanta dhacdada hoosteeda meel gaar ah. Hababka kale ee lagu wanaajinayo faa'iidada anteenada waxaa ka mid ah tignoolajiyada isku dhafan ee waveguide (SIW) ee mikrowave iyo xadhkaha hirarka millimitirka, gaar ahaan WPT. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, malawadka faa'iidada sare leh waxaa lagu gartaa dhudhun cidhiidhi ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa soo dhawaynta hirarka jihooyinka aan loo baahnayn. Baaritaannada lagu sameeyay tirada walxaha anteenada iyo dekedaha ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in jiheynta sare aysan u dhigmin awoodda sare ee la goostay ee RFEH deegaanka iyada oo loo maleynayo in ay dhacdo saddex-cabbir ah; tan waxaa lagu xaqiijiyay cabbiraadaha deegaanka ee magaalooyinka. Qaababka faa'iidada sare leh waxay ku koobnaan kartaa codsiyada WPT.
Si loogu wareejiyo faa'iidooyinka anteenooyinka faa'iidada badan leh ee RFEHs aan sabab lahayn, baakadaha ama xalalka qaabeynta ayaa loo adeegsadaa si looga gudbo arrinta jiheynta. Xarig anteeno-dual-patch ah ayaa la soo jeediyay in laga goosto tamarta Wi-Fi-ga RFEH-yada deegaanka ee laba jiho. Anteenooyinka gacanta ee RFEH waxaa sidoo kale loo qaabeeyey sidii sanduuqyo 3D oo la daabacay ama lagu dhegay sagxadaha dibadda si loo dhimo aagga nidaamka loona suurtageliyo goosashada jihooyin badan. Qaab dhismeedka malawadka cubic ayaa muujinaya suurtogalnimada soo dhawaynta tamarta ee RFEH-yada deegaanka.
Hagaajinta naqshadaynta anteenada si loo kordhiyo ballac-ballaadhka, oo ay ku jiraan walxaha balastarrada dulin ee caawiya, ayaa la sameeyay si loo hagaajiyo WPT ee 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Anteeno mesh ah oo 6 GHz ah oo leh gobollo badan oo dhudhun ah ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay, taasoo muujineysa alwaaxyo badan oo deked kasta ah. Dekedo badan, laydiyo korka toosiye badan iyo anteenooyinkooda goosashada tamarta leh qaababka shucaaca jiho kasta ayaa loo soo jeediyay RFEH jihooyin badan iyo kuwa badan. Dib-u-hagaajiyayaal badan oo leh matiris-beamforming iyo habab anteenooyin badan oo deked ah ayaa sidoo kale loo soo jeediyay faa'iido sare, goosashada tamar jihooyin badan.
Isku soo wada duuboo, iyadoo anteenooyinka faa'iidada sare leh la door biday inay hagaajiyaan awoodda laga soo gooyay cufnaanta RF hooseeya, qaatayaasha jihada aadka u sarreeya ayaa laga yaabaa inaysan ku habboonayn codsiyada halka jihada gudbiyaha aan la garanayn (tusaale, RFEH ambient ama WPT iyada oo loo marayo kanaalo faafin aan la garanayn). Shaqadan, habab badan oo kala duwan ayaa loo soo jeediyay faa'iidada sare ee jihooyinka badan ee WPT iyo RFEH.
2. Antenna Polarization
Polarization anteenada waxa ay qeexaysaa dhaq-dhaqaaqa vector-ka korantada marka loo eego jihada faafinta anteenada. Isku-dheelli-tir la'aanta kala-soocidda waxay horseedi kartaa hoos u dhigidda gudbinta/soo-dhoweynta anteenooyinka dhexdooda xitaa marka jihooyinka laf-dhabarka ee ugu weyn ay toosan yihiin. Tusaale ahaan, haddii anteenada LP toosan loo isticmaalo gudbinta oo anteeno LP ah oo jiifa loo isticmaalo soo dhawaynta, wax koronto ah lama heli doono. Qaybtan, hababka la soo sheegay ee lagu kordhinayo hufnaanta soo dhawaynta bilaa-waayirka ah iyo ka fogaanshiyaha luminta khasaarooyinka is-dhaafsiga ayaa dib loo eegay. Soo koobida qaab dhismeedka malawadka ee la soo jeediyay ee ku saabsan polarization ayaa lagu bixiyay sawirka 6 iyo tusaale SoA ayaa lagu sheegay shaxda 4.
Jaantuska 6
Isgaadhsiinta gacanta, toosinta polarization-ka tooska ah ee udhaxaysa saldhigyada saldhigyada iyo teleefanada gacanta lagama yaabo in la gaaro, sidaa darteed anteenooyinka saldhiga saldhiga waxa loo qaabeeyey inay noqdaan laba-polarized ama kala-badal badan si ay uga fogaadaan khasaaraha isku-dheelitirnaanta polarization. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaanshaha polarization ee mowjadaha LP ee ay sabab u tahay saamaynta wadooyin badan ayaa weli ah dhibaato aan la xallin. Iyada oo ku saleysan male-awaalka saldhigyada saldhigyada mobilada ee kala duwan, anteenooyinka gacanta ee RFEH waxaa loo qaabeeyey anteenooyinka LP.
Malawadka CP waxaa inta badan lagu isticmaalaa WPT sababtoo ah waxay u adkaystaan isku-dheellitirnaan la'aanta. Anteenooyinka CP waxay awoodaan inay helaan shucaaca CP oo leh jihada wareega isku midka ah (gacanta bidix ama midigta CP) marka lagu daro dhammaan mowjadaha LP iyada oo aan lahayn koronto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, anteenada CP waxay gudbisaa anteenada LP-na waxay helaysaa khasaare 3 dB ah (50% khasaare koronto ah). Malawadka CP waxaa lagu soo waramayaa inay ku habboon yihiin 900 MHz iyo 2.4 GHz iyo 5.8 GHz warshadaha, sayniska, iyo xargaha caafimaadka iyo sidoo kale hirarka millimitirka. RFEH ee mowjadaha kala duwanaanshiyaha, kala duwanaanshiyaha kala duwanaanshiyaha ayaa ka dhigan xal macquul ah oo lagu gaari karo khasaarooyinka isbarbar-dhigga polarization.
Polarization buuxa, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'multi-polarization', ayaa la soo jeediyay in si buuxda looga gudbo khasaarooyinka is-waafajinta polarization, taasoo awood u siinaysa ururinta labada mowjadaha CP iyo LP, halkaas oo laba qaybood oo laba-polarized orthogonal LP ah ay si wax ku ool ah u helaan dhammaan hirarka LP iyo CP. Si taas loo muujiyo, danabyada toosan iyo kuwa toosan (VV iyo VH) waxay ahaanayaan kuwo joogto ah iyadoon loo eegin xagasha polarization:
CP elektromagnetic wave “E” goobta korantada, halkaas oo awooda laga soo ururiyo laba jeer (hal hal unug), si buuxda u hela qaybta CP kana gudubta 3 dB khasaare iswaafajinta:
Ugu dambeyntii, iyada oo loo marayo isku darka DC, mowjadaha shilalka ee polarization aan sabab lahayn ayaa la heli karaa. Jaantuska 7 waxa uu muujinayaa joomatari ee malawadka la soo sheegay.
Jaantuska 7
Marka la soo koobo, codsiyada WPT ee leh sahay koronto oo go'an, CP waa la door bidaa sababtoo ah waxay hagaajinaysaa waxtarka WPT iyadoon loo eegin xagasha polarization ee anteenada. Dhanka kale, iibsashada ilo-badan, gaar ahaan ilaha ambient-ka, anteenooyinka si buuxda u daboolan waxay gaari karaan soo dhaweyn guud oo wanaagsan iyo qaadida ugu badan; Nashqadaha dekedaha badan/ hagaajinta badan ayaa looga baahan yahay inay isku daraan awood buuxda ee RF ama DC.
Soo koobid
Waraaqdani waxay dib u eegis ku samaynaysaa horumarka dhow ee naqshadaynta anteenada ee RFEH iyo WPT, waxayna soo jeedinaysaa kala soocida caadiga ah ee naqshadaynta anteenada ee RFEH iyo WPT ee aan lagu soo jeedin suugaantii hore. Saddexda shuruudood ee aasaasiga ah ee anteenada si loo gaaro waxtarka sare ee RF-to-DC ayaa loo aqoonsaday sida:
1. Antenna rectifier impedance bandwidth ee RFEH iyo kooxaha WPT ee xiisaha;
2. Isku xidhka lobe-ka weyn ee u dhexeeya gudbiyaha iyo qaataha gudaha WPT ee quudinta gaarka ah;
3. Isbarbardhigga malawadka iyo hirarka dhacdada iyadoon loo eegin xagasha iyo booska.
Iyada oo ku saleysan impedance, malawadka waxaa loo kala saaray 50Ω iyo rectifier conjugate rectennas, iyada oo diiradda la saarayo isbarbardhigga u dhexeeya xargaha iyo culeysyada kala duwan iyo hufnaanta hab kasta oo isku dhigma.
Sifooyinka shucaaca ee malawadka SoA ayaa dib loo eegay iyadoo laga eegayo jihaynta iyo kala soocida. Siyaabaha lagu wanaajin karo faa'iidada iyadoo la samaynayo alwaax-samaynta iyo baakadaha si looga gudbo dhumucda cidhiidhiga ah ayaa laga wada hadlay. Ugu dambeyntii, malawadka CP ee WPT ayaa dib loo eegis ku sameeyay, iyadoo ay la socoto hirgelinta kala duwan si loo gaaro soo dhaweynta madax-bannaanida polarization ee WPT iyo RFEH.
Si aad wax badan uga ogaato anteenooyinka, fadlan booqo:
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-16-2024
