1. Hordhac ku saabsan Anteenooyinka
Anteenadu waa qaab-dhismeed kala-guur ah oo u dhexeeya booska xorta ah iyo khadka gudbinta, sida ku cad Jaantuska 1. Xariijinta gudbinta waxay noqon kartaa qaab xariiq isku xiran ama tuubo godan (hagaha hirarka), kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu gudbiyo tamarta elektromagnetic-ka laga bilaabo isha ilaa anteenada, ama laga bilaabo anteenada ilaa qaataha. Kan hore waa anteeno gudbinaysa, kan dambena waa qaataha.anteeno.
Jaantuska 1aad Jidka gudbinta tamarta elektromagnetka
Gudbinta nidaamka anteenada ee qaabka gudbinta ee Jaantuska 1 waxaa matalaya wax u dhigma Thevenin sida ku cad Jaantuska 2, halkaas oo isha lagu matalo matoor calaamadeed oo ku habboon, khadka gudbinta waxaa matalaya xariiq leh cillad-celin Zc oo sifo ah, anteenadana waxaa matalaya culays ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA]. Iska caabbinta culayska RL wuxuu matalaa khasaaraha gudbinta iyo dielectric ee la xiriira qaab-dhismeedka anteenada, halka Rr uu matalo iska caabbinta shucaaca ee anteenada, falcelinta XA-na waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu matalo qaybta male-awaalka ah ee impedance-ka la xiriira shucaaca anteenada. Xaaladaha ku habboon, dhammaan tamarta ay soo saarto isha calaamadda waa in loo wareejiyaa iska caabbinta shucaaca Rr, kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu matalo awoodda shucaaca ee anteenada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsiyada wax ku oolka ah, waxaa jira khasaarooyin hage-dielectric ah oo ay ugu wacan tahay astaamaha khadka gudbinta iyo anteenada, iyo sidoo kale khasaarooyin ay sababaan milicsiga (is-waafaq la'aanta) u dhexeeya khadka gudbinta iyo anteenada. Marka la eego iska caabinta gudaha ee isha iyo iska indha tirka khadka gudbinta iyo khasaaraha milicsiga (isku dheelitir la'aanta), awoodda ugu badan waxaa la siiyaa anteenada iyadoo la raacayo isku-xidhka isku-dhafka ah.
Jaantuska 2aad
Sababtoo ah isku dheelitir la'aanta khadka gudbinta iyo anteenada, mowjadda ka soo muuqata is-dhexgalka ayaa lagu dhejiyay mowjadda dhacdada laga bilaabo isha ilaa anteenada si loo sameeyo mowjad taagan, taas oo matalaysa isku-ururinta tamarta iyo kaydinta waana aalad caadi ah oo resonant ah. Qaab mowjad taagan oo caadi ah ayaa lagu muujiyay xariiqda dhibcaha leh ee Jaantuska 2. Haddii nidaamka anteenada aan si habboon loogu naqshadayn, khadka gudbinta wuxuu inta badan u dhaqmi karaa sidii walxo kaydin tamar halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa qalab hagaha hirarka iyo gudbinta tamarta.
Khasaaraha ka dhasha khadka gudbinta, anteenada iyo hirarka taagan waa kuwo aan loo baahnayn. Khasaaraha khadka waxaa lagu yareyn karaa iyadoo la dooranayo khadadka gudbinta khasaaraha yar, halka khasaaraha anteenada lagu yareyn karo iyadoo la dhimayo iska caabbinta khasaaraha ee uu matalo RL Jaantuska 2. Hirarka taagan waa la dhimi karaa kaydinta tamarta ee khadkana waa la yareyn karaa iyadoo la barbar dhigayo iska caabbinta anteenada (rarka) iyo iska caabbinta astaamaha ee khadka.
Nidaamyada wireless-ka, marka laga reebo helitaanka ama gudbinta tamarta, anteenooyinka waxaa badanaa looga baahan yahay inay kor u qaadaan tamarta la iftiimiyo jihooyin gaar ah oo ay xakameeyaan tamarta la iftiimiyo jihooyin kale. Sidaa darteed, marka laga reebo aaladaha ogaanshaha, anteenooyinka waa in sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa aalado jiho ahaan. Anteenooyinka waxay ku jiri karaan qaabab kala duwan si ay u daboolaan baahiyo gaar ah. Waxay noqon kartaa silig, dalool, balastar, isku-darka walxaha (array), reflector, muraayad, iwm.
Nidaamyada isgaarsiinta bilaa-waayirka ah, anteenooyinku waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan. Naqshadeynta anteenada wanaagsan waxay yareyn kartaa shuruudaha nidaamka waxayna hagaajin kartaa waxqabadka guud ee nidaamka. Tusaale caadi ah waa telefishanka, halkaas oo soo dhaweynta baahinta lagu hagaajin karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo anteenooyin waxqabad sare leh. Anteenooyinku waa nidaamyada isgaarsiinta waxa ay indhaha u yihiin aadanaha.
2. Kala-soocidda Anteenada
Anteenada geesku waa anteeno qorshaysan, anteeno microwave ah oo leh isgoys wareegsan ama leydi ah oo si tartiib tartiib ah u furma dhammaadka hagaha hirarka. Waa nooca anteenada microwave-ka ee ugu isticmaalka badan. Goobta shucaaca waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa cabbirka daloolka geeska iyo nooca faafinta. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, saameynta derbiga geesku ku leeyahay shucaaca waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo mabda'a kala-soocidda joomatari. Haddii dhererka geesku uusan isbeddelin, cabbirka daloolka iyo farqiga wejiga afargeeslaha ah ayaa kordhi doona marka uu kordho xagasha furitaanka geeska, laakiin faa'iidada isma beddeli doonto cabbirka daloolka. Haddii xarigga soo noqnoqda ee geesku u baahan yahay in la ballaariyo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la yareeyo milicsiga qoorta iyo daloolka geeska; milicsiga ayaa yaraan doona marka cabbirka daloolku uu kordho. Qaab-dhismeedka anteenada geesku waa mid fudud, qaabka shucaacuna sidoo kale waa mid fudud oo si fudud loo xakamayn karo. Guud ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa anteeno jiho dhexdhexaad ah. Anteenooyinka geeska ee soo celiya Parabolic oo leh ballaca ballaaran, lobes dhinaca hoose iyo hufnaan sare ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa isgaarsiinta gudbinta microwave-ka.
RM-DCPHA105145-20(10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-BDHA1850-20(18-50GHz)
RM-SGHA430-10(1.70-2.60GHz)
2. Anteenada Microstrip
Qaab-dhismeedka anteenada microstrip guud ahaan waxay ka kooban tahay substrate dielectric, radiator iyo plane dhulka. Dhumucda substrate-ka dielectric aad ayay uga yar tahay hirarka. Lakabka khafiifka ah ee birta ah ee ku yaal salka hoose ee substrate-ka wuxuu ku xiran yahay plane dhulka, lakabka khafiifka ah ee birta ah ee leh qaab gaar ah ayaa laga sameeyaa hore iyada oo loo marayo habka photolithography sida radiator. Qaabka radiator-ka waxaa loo beddeli karaa siyaabo badan iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha.
Kobaca tiknoolajiyada isku-dhafka microwave-ka iyo hababka wax-soo-saarka cusub ayaa kor u qaaday horumarinta anteenooyinka microstrip. Marka la barbardhigo anteenooyinka dhaqameed, anteenooyinka microstrip ma aha oo kaliya cabbirkoodu yar yahay, miisaankoodu fudud yahay, muuqaalkoodu hooseeyo, si fudud loo waafajin karo, laakiin sidoo kale si fudud loo dhexgelin karo, kharashkoodu hooseeyo, ku habboon yahay wax-soo-saarka ballaaran, sidoo kalena waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka sifooyinka korontada ee kala duwan.
RM-MA424435-22(4.25-4.35GHz)
RM-MA25527-22(25.5-27GHz)
3. Anteenada booska hagaha hirarka
Anteenada godka hagaha hirarka waa anteeno adeegsata godadka qaab-dhismeedka hagaha hirarka si loo gaaro shucaac. Badanaa waxay ka kooban tahay laba saxan oo bir ah oo is barbar socda oo sameeya hagaha hirarka oo leh meel cidhiidhi ah oo u dhaxaysa labada saxan. Marka hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ay dhex maraan farqiga hagaha hirarka, waxaa dhici doonta dhacdo resonance ah, taasoo soo saarta goob koronto oo xooggan oo u dhow farqiga si loo gaaro shucaac. Sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedkeeda fudud, anteenada godka hagaha hirarka waxay gaari kartaa shucaac ballaaran iyo mid waxtar sare leh, sidaa darteed waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa radar, isgaarsiinta, dareemayaasha wireless-ka iyo meelaha kale ee ku jira xargaha hirarka microwave-ka iyo milimitir-ka. Faa'iidooyinkeeda waxaa ka mid ah hufnaanta shucaaca sare, astaamaha ballaaran iyo awoodda ka hortagga faragelinta wanaagsan, sidaa darteed waxaa door bida injineerada iyo cilmi-baarayaasha.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
RM-SWA910-22(9-10GHz)
Anteenada Biconical waa anteeno ballaaran oo leh qaab-dhismeed laba-geesood ah, kaas oo lagu garto jawaab celin ballaaran oo soo noqnoqota iyo hufnaan shucaac oo sare. Labada qaybood ee koonka ah ee anteenada biconical waa kuwo isku mid ah. Qaab-dhismeedkan, shucaac wax ku ool ah oo ku jira xarig ballaaran oo soo noqnoqota ah ayaa lagu gaari karaa. Badanaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa meelaha sida falanqaynta muuqaalka, cabbirka shucaaca iyo tijaabinta EMC (iswaafajinta elektiroonigga). Waxay leedahay iswaafajin wanaagsan oo iswaafajin ah iyo astaamo shucaac ah waxayna ku habboon tahay xaaladaha codsiga ee u baahan inay daboolaan soo noqnoqota badan.
RM-BCA2428-4 (24-28GHz)
RM-BCA218-4（2-18GHz)
Anteenada wareegsan waa anteeno ballaaran oo leh qaab-dhismeed wareegsan, kaas oo lagu garto jawaab celin ballaaran oo soo noqnoqota iyo hufnaan shucaac oo sare. Anteenada wareegsan waxay gaartaa kala duwanaanshaha kala duwanaanshaha iyo astaamaha shucaaca ballaaran iyada oo loo marayo qaab-dhismeedka gariiradaha wareegsan, waxayna ku habboon tahay radar, isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedka iyo nidaamyada isgaarsiinta wireless-ka.
RM-PSA0756-3 (0.75-6GHz)
RM-PSA218-2R(2-18GHz)
Si aad wax badan uga barato anteenooyinka, fadlan booqo:
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-14-2024
