Polarization waa mid ka mid ah sifooyinka aasaasiga ah ee anteenooyinka. Marka hore waxaan u baahannahay inaan fahanno polarization of mowjadaha diyaaradda. Waxaan markaas ka hadli karnaa noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee polarization antenna.
polarization toosan
Waxaan bilaabi doonaa inaan fahamno polarization of mowjadda elektromagnetic ee diyaaradda.
Mawjada elektromagnetic-ka ee qorshaysan (EM) waxay leedahay sifooyin dhowr ah. Midda koowaad waa in korontadu ay u socoto hal jiho (ma jiraan wax isbeddel ah oo ku yimaada labada jiho ee orthogonal). Marka labaad, goobta korantada iyo goobta magnetic waa mid siman oo midba midka kale ah iyo midba midka kale. Goobaha korantada iyo birlabku waxay ku siman yihiin jihada mawjada diyaaradda. Tusaale ahaan, tixgeli goob koronto oo hal jeer ah (E field) oo lagu bixiyo isla'egta (1). Goobta korantada ayaa u socota jihada +z. Goobta korantada waxaa lagu hagayaa jihada +x. Goobta birlabku waxay ku taal jihada +y.
Isla'egta (1), u fiirso qoraalka:. Kani waa halbeeg (vector of length), kaas oo sheegaya in barta korantada ay ku taal jihada x. Hirarka diyaaradda waxa lagu sawiray sawirka 1.
Jaantuska 1. Sawirka garaaf ee goobta korantada ee u socdaalaysa jihada +z.
Polarization waa qaabka raadraaca iyo faafinta (contour) ee goobta korantada. Tusaale ahaan, tixgeli mowjadda diyaaradda isla'egta goobta korontada (1). Waxaan fiirin doonaa booska uu korontadu ku yaal (X,Y,Z) = (0,0,0) oo ah waqti ahaan. Baaxadda goobtan waxaa lagu sawiray Jaantuska 2, marar badan oo waqti ah. Garoonku waxa uu ku wareegayaa inta jeer ee "F".
jaantus 2. U fiirso goobta korontada (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) waqtiyo kala duwan.
Beerta korantada ayaa lagu arkay halka ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedo, iyadoo gadaasha iyo dib u rogmanaysa baaxad ahaan. Goobta korantada ayaa had iyo jeer la socota dhidibka x ee la tilmaamay. Maadaama goobta korontada lagu hayo hal xariiq, goobtan waxa la odhan karaa waa mid toosan. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii dhidibka X uu barbar socdo dhulka, goobtan waxaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid siman. Haddii garoonku ku jihaysan yahay dhidibka Y-da, hirku waxa la odhan karaa waa mid toosan.
Mowjado toosan oo toosan uma baahna in lagu hago dhidib toosan ama toosan. Tusaale ahaan, mowjad koronto ah oo leh xannibaad dhex jiifta xariiqda sida ku cad sawirka 3 ayaa sidoo kale noqon doonta mid toosan.
muuqaalka
Dhulka korontada ee sawirka 3 waxa lagu sifayn karaa isla'egta (2). Hadda waxa jira qayb x iyo y ah oo ka mid ah goobta korontada. Labada qayboodba way siman yihiin cabbir ahaan.
Hal shay oo ay tahay in la xuso oo ku saabsan isla'egta (2) waa qaybaha xy-ka iyo qaybaha elegtarooniga ah ee marxaladda labaad. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in labada qayboodba ay leeyihiin baaxad isku mid ah mar kasta.
polarization wareeg ah
Hadda ka soo qaad in goobta korantada ee mowjadda diyaaradda lagu bixiyo isla'egta (3):
Xaaladdan oo kale, qaybaha X- iyo Y waa 90 darajo oo ka baxsan marxaladda. Haddii goobta loo arko sida (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) mar labaad sidii hore, goobta korantada iyo qalooca wakhtiga ayaa u muuqan doona sida hoos ku cad sawirka 4.
Jaantus 4. Awoodda goobta korontada (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) EQ domain. (3).
Beerta korontada ee sawirka 4 ayaa wareegeysa. Goobtan noocaan ah waxaa lagu tilmaamaa mowjad wareeg ah. Kala soocida wareegtada ah, shuruudaha soo socda waa in la buuxiyaa:
- Halbeegga polarization wareegtada
- Beerta korontodu waa inay lahaataa laba qaybood oo orthogonal ah.
- Qaybaha orthogonal ee goobta korantada waa inay lahaadaan ballac siman.
- Qaybaha quadrature-ka waa inay ahaadaan 90 darajo oo ka baxsan marxaladda.
Haddii aad ku socoto shaashadda Wave Jaantuska 4, wareegga goobtu waxa la sheegay in uu yahay mid saacad ka soo horjeeda iyo mid wareeg ah oo wareeg ah (RHCP). Haddii garoonka loo wareego dhanka saacada, garoonku waxa uu noqon doonaa wareegtada wareegtada (LHCP).
Polarization Elliptical
Haddii goobta korontadu ay leedahay laba qaybood oo toosan, 90 darajo ka baxsan wejiga laakiin leh cabbir siman, goobta ayaa noqon doonta mid elliptically ah. Iyadoo la tixgalinayo goobta korontada ee mowjadda diyaarada ee ku socota jihada +z, oo lagu sifeeyay isla'egta (4):
Meesha meesha uu cidhifka faleebada korantada u qaadan doono waxa lagu sheegay sawirka 5
Jaantuska 5. Qalab koronto oo degdeg ah. (4).
Goobta Jaantuska 5, oo u socota dhanka saacada ka soo horjeeda, waxay noqonaysaa gacanta midig ee elliptical haddii aad ka safrayso shaashadda. Haddii vector-ka goobta korantada uu u wareego jihada ka soo horjeeda, garoonku waxa uu noqonayaa mid gacan bidixda ah oo ellipti ah.
Intaa waxaa dheer, polarization elliptical waxay tilmaamaysaa hufnaantiisa. Saamiga eccentricity iyo baaxadda faashashka waaweyn iyo kuwa yar yar. Tusaale ahaan, mawjada eccentricity ee isla'egta (4) waa 1/0.3= 3.33. Mowjadaha elliptically polarized waxaa lagu sii sifeeyaa jihada dhidibka weyn. Isla'egta hirarka (4) waxay leedahay dhidib ka kooban dhidibka x. Ogow in dhidibka weyni uu noqon karo xagal kasta oo diyaaradeed. Xagasha looma baahna inay ku haboonaato dhidibka X, Y ama Z. Ugu dambeyntii, waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in labadaba wareegtada iyo polarization toosan ay yihiin xaalado gaar ah oo ku saabsan polarization elliptical. 1.0 hir eccentric elliptical polarized mowjad wareeg ah. Mowjado Elliptically polarized ah oo leh eccentricity aan xad lahayn. Mowjado toosan.
Polarization anteenada
Hadda oo aan ka warqabno mawjadaha korantada ee mawjadaha diyaaradda dabaylaha ah, polarization-ka anteenada ayaa si fudud loo qeexay.
Antenna Polarization Qiimayn anteeno ka fog, polarization ee goobta ka dhalatey. Sidaa darteed, anteenooyinka waxaa inta badan loo taxay inay yihiin "anteenooyin toosan" ama "Anteenooyinkooda wareegta ah ee gacanta midig".
Fikradan fudud waxay muhiim u tahay isgaarsiinta anteenada. Marka hore, anteenada toosan lama xidhiidhi doonto anteenada toosan. Aragtida is-dhaafsiga awgeed, anteenadu waxay u gudbisaa oo u heshaa si isku mid ah. Sidaa darteed, anteenooyinka toosan ayaa gudbiya oo helaya beero toosan. Sidaa darteed, haddii aad isku daydo inaad gudbiso anteeno toosan oo toosan, ma jiri doonto soo dhawayn.
Xaaladda guud, laba anteenooyin toosan oo toosan oo isku rogay xagal ( ), khasaaraha korontadu ee ay sabab u tahay is-waafajin la'aanta polarization-ka waxaa lagu sifeyn doonaa factor khasaaro kala duwanaansho (PLF):
Sidaa darteed, haddii laba anteenooyinku leeyihiin isku-xirnaan isku mid ah, xagasha u dhaxaysa beerahooda elektarooniga ah waa eber mana jirto wax koronto ah oo ay sababto isku-dheellitir la'aanta polarization. Haddii hal anteeno uu yahay mid toosan, kan kalena uu yahay mid siman, xagalku waa 90 darajo, wax awood ahna lama wareejin doono.
FIIRO GAAR AH: U wareejinta taleefanka madaxaaga xaglo kala duwan waxay sharraxaysaa sababta soo dhaweynta mararka qaarkood loo kordhin karo. Anteenooyinka taleefoonka gacanta ayaa inta badan ah kuwo toosan, sidaa darteed wareegtada taleefanka waxay inta badan la mid noqon kartaa polarization-ka taleefanka, sidaas darteed waxay hagaajinaysaa soo dhaweynta.
Kala soocida goobada waa sifada la jecel yahay ee anteenooyin badan. Labada anteenooyinku waxay si wareeg ah u siman yihiin mana la kulmaan luminta signalka sababtoo ah is-waafajin la'aanta polarization. Anteennada loo isticmaalo nidaamyada GPS-ka ayaa ah kuwo wareeg ah oo gacanta midig ah.
Hadda ka soo qaad in anteeno toosan ay helayso mowjado wareeg ah. Si la mid ah, ka soo qaad in anteeno wareeg ah ay isku daydo in ay hesho mowjado toosan. Waa maxay sababta keentay luminta polarization factor?
Xusuusnow in polarization-ka wareegtadu ay dhab ahaantii tahay laba mowjadood oo toosan oo toosan, 90 darajo ka baxsan marxaladda. Sidaa darteed, anteenada toosan (LP) waxay heli doontaa oo keliya qaybta mawjada wareegta ah (CP). Sidaa darteed, anteenada LP waxay yeelan doontaa luminta isku-dheellitir la'aanta 0.5 (-3dB). Tani waa run iyada oo aan loo eegin xagal ay anteenada LP rogto. sidaas darteed:
Qodobka lumitaanka polarization-ka waxaa mararka qaarkood loo tixraacaa hufnaanta polarization, qodobka anteenada oo aan isku mid ahayn, ama qodobka soo dhawaynta anteenada. Dhammaan magacyadan waxay tixraacayaan fikrad isku mid ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-22-2023
