Wararka - Mabda'a faa'iidada anteenada, sida loo xisaabiyo faa'iidada anteenada

Faa'iidada anteenada waxaa loola jeedaa faa'iidada korontada ee anteenada jiho gaar ah marka loo eego anteenada isha ku habboon. Waxay u taagan tahay awoodda shucaaca ee anteenada jiho gaar ah, taas oo ah, soo dhoweynta calaamadaha ama hufnaanta qiiqa ee anteenada jihadaas. Inta ay kor u kacdo faa'iidada anteenada, ayay anteenadu si fiican ugu shaqeysaa jiho gaar ah waxayna si hufan u heli kartaa ama u gudbin kartaa calaamadaha. Faa'iidada anteenada waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa decibels (dB) waana mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha muhiimka ah ee lagu qiimeeyo waxqabadka anteenada.

Marka xigta, waxaan kuu geyn doonaa inaad fahamto mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee faa'iidada anteenada iyo sida loo xisaabiyo faa'iidada anteenada, iwm.

1. Mabda'a faa'iidada anteenada

Aragti ahaan, faa'iidada anteenadu waa saamiga cufnaanta awoodda calaamadda ee ay soo saarto anteenada dhabta ah iyo anteenada isha dhibicda ku habboon meel gaar ah oo ku taal meel bannaan oo leh isla awoodda gelinta. Fikradda anteenada isha dhibicda ayaa halkan lagu xusay. Waa maxay? Xaqiiqdii, waa anteeno ay dadku qiyaasaan inay si isku mid ah u soo saaraan calaamadaha, qaabkeeda shucaaca calaamadduna waa goob si siman u kala firirsan. Dhab ahaantii, anteenooyinku waxay leeyihiin jihooyin faa'iido shucaac ah (halkan waxaa loogu yeeraa dusha sare ee shucaaca). Calaamadda dusha sare ee shucaaca waxay ka xoog badnaan doontaa qiimaha shucaaca ee anteenada isha dhibicda aragtiyeed, halka shucaaca calaamadda ee jihooyin kale la daciifiyo. Isbarbardhigga qiimaha dhabta ah iyo qiimaha aragtiyeed ee halkan waa faa'iidada anteenada.

Sawirku wuxuu muujinayaaRM-SGHA42-10qaabka badeecada Xogta helitaanka

Waxaa xusid mudan in anteenooyinka aan firfircoonayn ee ay caadiyan arkaan dadka caadiga ah aysan kaliya kor u qaadin awoodda gudbinta, laakiin sidoo kale ay isticmaalaan awoodda gudbinta. Sababta weli loo arko inay faa'iido leedahay waa sababta oo ah jihooyinka kale waa la huray, jihada shucaaca ayaa xoogaysanaysa, iyo heerka isticmaalka calaamadda oo la hagaajiyay.

2. Xisaabinta faa'iidada anteenada

Faa'iidada anteenada dhab ahaantii waxay u taagan tahay heerka shucaaca xooggan ee awoodda wireless-ka, sidaa darteed waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa qaabka shucaaca anteenada. Fahamka guud ayaa ah in marka la yareeyo xuubka ugu weyn iyo marka la yareeyo xuubka dhinaca ee qaabka shucaaca anteenada, ay korodho faa'iidada. Haddaba sidee loo xisaabiyaa faa'iidada anteenada? Anteenada guud, qaacidada G (dBi) = 10Lg {32000/(2θ3dB, E × 2θ3dB, H)} waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu qiyaaso faa'iidada. qaacidada,
2θ3dB, E iyo 2θ3dB, H waa ballaca fallaadhaha ee anteenada labada diyaaradood ee ugu muhiimsan siday u kala horreeyaan; 32000 waa xogta tirakoobka ee la taaban karo.

Haddaba maxay ka dhigan tahay haddii gudbiyaha wireless-ka ee 100mw uu ku qalabaysan yahay anteeno leh faa'iido dhan +3dbi? Marka hore, u beddel awoodda gudbinta dbm helitaanka calaamadda. Habka xisaabinta waa:

100mw=10lg100=20dbm

Kadib xisaabi wadarta guud ee awoodda gudbinta, taas oo la mid ah wadarta awoodda gudbinta iyo faa'iidada anteenada. Habka xisaabinta waa sidan soo socota:

20dbm+3dbm=23dbm

Ugu dambeyntii, awoodda gudbinta ee u dhiganta ayaa dib loo xisaabiyaa sida soo socota:

10^(23/10) ≈200mw

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, anteenada +3dbi gain waxay labanlaabmi kartaa awoodda gudbinta ee u dhiganta.

3. Anteenooyinka faa'iidada guud

Anteenooyinka router-kayaga caadiga ah ee wireless-ka waa anteenooyin dhinac walba ah. Dusha sare ee shucaaca waxay ku taal diyaaradda toosan ee u janjeerta anteenada, halkaas oo kororka shucaaca uu ugu badan yahay, halka shucaaca ka sarreeya sare iyo kan hoose ee anteenada uu aad u daciifo. Waxay la mid tahay qaadashada fiidmeerta calaamadda oo aad u simiso wax yar.

Kororka anteenadu waa "qaabaynta" calaamadda, cabbirka korodhkuna wuxuu tilmaamayaa heerka isticmaalka calaamadda.

Waxaa sidoo kale jira anteeno saxan oo caadi ah, oo badanaa ah anteeno jiho ah. Dusha sare ee shucaaca waxay ku taal aagga u eg marawaxad si toos ah ugu taal saxanka hortiisa, calaamadaha meelaha kalena si buuxda ayay u daciifaan. Waxay la mid tahay in lagu daro dabool iftiin ah nalka.

Marka la soo koobo, anteenooyinka faa'iidada sare leh waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka masaafada dheer iyo tayada calaamadda oo ka wanaagsan, laakiin waa inay u huraan shucaaca jihooyinka shaqsiga ah (badanaa jihooyinka lumay). Anteenooyinka faa'iidada hooseeya guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin masaafo jiho oo ballaaran laakiin masaafo gaaban. Marka alaabada bilaa-waayirka ah ay ka baxaan warshadda, soosaarayaashu guud ahaan waxay u habeeyaan iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladaha isticmaalka.

Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan ku taliyo dhowr badeecooyin anteeno oo faa'iido wanaagsan u leh qof walba: