Kala duwanaanshaha wax ku oolka ah ee aanteenada microwave-kawaxay ku xiran tahay heerka soo noqnoqoshadiisa, faa'iidada, iyo xaaladda codsiga. Hoos waxaa ku qoran faahfaahin farsamo oo ku saabsan noocyada anteenooyinka caadiga ah:
1. Xidhiidhka Band-ka Soo Noqnoqoshada iyo Kala Duwanaanshaha
- Anteenada E-band (60–90 GHz):
Isku-xirayaasha masaafada gaaban, awoodda sare leh (1-3 km) ee dib-u-soo-celinta 5G iyo isgaarsiinta militariga. Hoos u dhaca hawada ayaa gaara 10 dB/km sababtoo ah nuugista oksijiinta. - Anteenada Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz):
Isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedku waxay gaartaa 10–50 km (dhul-ilaa-LEO) iyadoo leh 40+ dBi oo korodh ah. Roobka oo da'a wuxuu yareyn karaa masaafada 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzAnteenada geeska:
Daboolida heerka dhexe (5-20 km) ee radar iyo IoT, iyadoo la isku dheelitirayo heerka gelitaanka iyo xogta.
2. Nooca iyo Waxqabadka Anteenada
| Anteeno | Faa'iidada Caadiga ah | Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan | Kiiska Isticmaal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anteeno Biconical ah | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (Tijaabada EMC) | Baadhista muddada gaaban |
| Geeska Heerka Sare | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Hagaajinta/cabbirka |
| Array Microstrip ah | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Saldhigyada saldhigga 5G/Satcom |
3. Aasaaska Xisaabinta Kala Duwanaanshaha
Qiyaasta isle'egta gudbinta Friis waxay u dhaxaysaa (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Halkee:
P_t = Awoodda Gudbinta (tusaale ahaan, radar 10W)
G_t, G_r = Horumarka anteenada Tx/Rx (tusaale ahaan, 20 dBi gees)
P_r = Xasaasiyadda qaataha (tusaale ahaan, –90 dBm)
Talo wax ku ool ah: Xiriiriyeyaasha dayax-gacmeedka Ka-band, ku xidh gees faa'iido badan leh (30+ dBi) oo leh cod-weyneeyayaal buuq yar (NF <1 dB).
4. Xadka Deegaanka
Yareynta Roobka: Calaamadaha Ka-band waxay lumiyaan 3–10 dB/km roob culus.
Fidinta Birta: 25 dBi microstrip oo ah 30 GHz waxay leedahay 2.3° beamwidth - oo ku habboon isku xirka saxda ah ee dhibic-ilaa-barta.
Gunaanad: Anteenooyinka Microwave-ka waxay u dhexeeyaan <1 km (tijaabooyinka EMC ee laba-geesoodka ah) ilaa 50+ km (satcom-ka Ka-band). Ku wanaaji adigoo dooranaya anteenooyinka E-/Ka-band si aad u hesho wax soo saar ama geesaha 2-4 GHz si aad u hesho isku halayn.
Si aad wax badan uga barato anteenooyinka, fadlan booqo:
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-08-2025
